Good morning, Good evening, and Good nite!

尾牙，又稱「作牙」，根據習俗，是每年最後一次祭拜土地神的祭祀活動。後來逐漸演變成公司行號在年終末犒賞員工的聚餐活動。年終尾牙對於各大公司而言可謂是件大事，公司希望趁著年終尾牙的熱鬧氣氛，為此年畫上個圓滿的句號，也希望為來年討一個好彩頭。當然，每到此時，員工總特別興奮，一來是馬上就可以領到年終紅包好過年，二來可以參加尾牙餐會，有得吃又有得玩，當中，最令人期待當然是尾牙活動中的摸彩啦！每個人紛紛摩拳擦掌，莫不希望能摸到好獎項！

根據媒體針對尾牙員工最愛贈品調查，結果以「3C電子產品」拔得頭籌，最獲上班族青睞，包括：數位相機、MP3隨身聽、手機、筆記型電腦等，以往被認為最熱門的「家電類產品」，除了影音設備，例如：薄型液晶電視、DVD撥放器、音響設備等仍然相當受歡迎外，其他小家電則落後3C產品，主要原因是實用的家電大多家庭差不多已經備齊，再抽到此類商品並無太大意義。調查更指出，對多數上班族來說，尾牙摸彩抽到的獎項不是昂貴就好，最重要的是能「實用」，對於不實用的東西，處理方式往往都是另行轉送，或是乾脆丟網拍換取現金，近年更發展出以網路為平台以物易物的奇特現象。因此，也有越來越多公司行號開始傾向以等值禮卷或現金作為尾牙摸彩獎項。

在景氣未見好轉的情況下，今年尾牙摸彩贈品該如何選擇才能使員工滿意，相信是各企劃、採購人員的一大考驗，在有限的預算中掌握高流行化、現代化禮品準沒錯。本期，我們就針對以「實用」及「流行」為訴求的禮贈品，來看看有哪些吸引目光的好選擇。

摺疊腳踏車

受到全球「節能減碳」熱潮及之前鬧的沸沸揚揚油價浮動機制的影響，腳踏車躍升為禮贈品的熱門寵兒，不僅節省交通費，為地球盡一份心力，也能夠活動筋骨、紓解壓力。當中，以往被認為是「玩具」的摺疊腳踏車，在寸土寸金的都會中，因它的輕巧、方便與健康訴求而受到矚目，可以輕易裝進後車廂內；帶上捷運高鐵；抬進室內預防日曬雨淋，可說是收納容易又攜帶方便，深受上班族、休閒運動人士喜愛。

婦幼用品 ======================
奶嘴
奶嘴溫度計
多功能嬰兒手推車
安撫奶嘴

很快地，新的一年又即將來到！為了迎來新氣象，祈求好運道，通常在新年開始前一個多月就已經開始採辦年貨，家家戶戶除舊佈新，鮮豔奪目的春聯及年節飾品；人聲鼎沸的年貨大街，到處都充滿著年節氣氛。東方特有的農曆新年一向是富有變化，配合天干地支曆法運算，有了十二生肖、十二種代表物，親朋好友見面時說的吉祥話、佈置應景的禮品造型自然也會隨該年生肖而大不同。當中，生肖應景飾品可是年節市場中最為暢銷的商品。

「牛主乾坤春浩蕩 人逢喜慶氣昂揚」

今年歲次己丑，生肖屬牛，有趣的是，在一向熱門的知名卡通造型中，牛並沒有什麼特別鮮明的卡通代表造型，不像狗年時候有史努比、豬年有迪士尼小豬皮傑、鼠年更有米奇撐大場，因此，牛年的生肖飾品更考驗了創意與巧思，為搶下這塊大餅，不少廠商莫不下足功夫，絞盡腦汁，設計出最「牛」的造型商品。

雖然鼠年還有幾個月，但市場已經逐漸迎來新一輪的生肖飾品，從百貨公司到賣場，各種樣式都可以見到「牛」的身影，造型除傳統形象外，更加趣味活撥化。

因為牛敦厚的形象，以牛為造型的藝品也大多以厚重樸質的石材木料、銅鐵金屬、玉石水晶礦物等做為主要雕塑材料，姿態萬千，極具巧思。直立且神采奕奕的立牛是取其「牛」往直前的神韻，有奮發向上，好運年年來之意涵；慵懶而臥的臥牛則給人種堅毅不拔又帶有慵懶溫和感覺，擇善固執的精神。而以琉璃、交趾陶、瓷器等美麗多彩材質打造的飾品使牛在穩重中帶有幾分活潑。

2008.5.22 銘報記者／謝雅筑

繼PChome online網路家庭提供「24小時」送貨到府的服務之後，博客來網路書店也於2008年初與7-ELEVEN合作跟進推出隔日取貨、全年無休的服務，至今成效漸彰，據博客來估計指出，2008年第一季營收成長較去年攀升3成。

一、物流費用研究目的

企業尋求降低物流總成本是增強企業競爭優勢的有效途徑之一。

(1). 物流費用冰山說

關於“物流費用冰山說”其含義是說一般對物流費用的總體內容並不容易掌握，對物流費用的認知只看到露出海水上面的冰山一角，而潛藏在海水裏的整個冰山卻看不見，但海水中的冰山才是物流費的主體部分。

基於這個現況，日本物流成本計算的權威西澤修先生提出了“物流費用冰山”說。

一、物流費用研究目的

企業尋求降低物流總成本是增強企業競爭優勢的有效途徑之一。

(1). 物流費用冰山說

關於“物流費用冰山說”其含義是說一般對物流費用的總體內容並不容易掌握，對物流費用的認知只看到露出海水上面的冰山一角，而潛藏在海水裏的整個冰山卻看不見，但海水中的冰山才是物流費的主體部分。

基於這個現況，日本物流成本計算的權威西澤修先生提出了“物流費用冰山”說。

星期一下午三點鐘，好市多（Costco）內湖店內人潮熙來攘往，絲毫感受不到是上班時間。

1983年於西雅圖（Seattle）成立的Costco，是美國最大的流通量販店，分佈於美國、加拿大、墨西哥、英國、台灣、韓國、日本等七國，共有 518家賣場，超過4,500萬名會員，年營業額高達新台幣1.4兆元。Costco在1997年進入台灣市場，以高雄為起點，1999年開始北上拓點。

在台灣的流通量販史上，Costco的崛起算是異類，它的賣場不多（僅汐止、內湖、中和、台中、高雄五家店）、不打廣告、產品品類不算數一數二，最要命的，還採會員制，定期收取年費，這對長期在生活雜貨用品上進行折扣、比價、流血削價的台灣量販業者來說，有點像天方夜譚，當然，經營成果是令大家跌破眼鏡的。

Costco為什麼受歡迎？如果把這問題放到網路討論區，相信留言會像酵母菌般短期發酵。任職於知名企管顧問公司的James舉例說，這裡買的棉質衣物非常耐穿；建築師Mars表示，賣場生鮮肉品的前製處理，簡直有頂級超市的水準；剛從學校畢業的攝影助理阿霞，則是對它的蔓越莓汁讚不絕口，「進口果汁大多在國外濃縮，到台灣還原，但Costco的是產地直銷，」她笑道。

管理系統才是關鍵

箱,袋類 ======================
EVA拉桿箱
MP3袋
PDA皮套
PP手提包

你在超市裡花6塊錢買一瓶2.25升的可口可樂時，你有沒有想過，這6塊錢裡，包含多少人工成本、多少原料成本、多少利潤，又有多少是物流的成本呢?你也許聽到答案後會感到吃驚：製造的成本，也就是把人工和原材料的費用加在一起，也不過4塊左右，利潤不過幾毛錢，而相比之下，物流的成本超過了1塊錢。

一瓶可樂，它在倉儲、運輸上消耗的費用能夠佔到銷售價格的20%至30%。事實上，物流成本已經成為企業生產成本中不可忽視的一筆消耗。在市場競爭日益激烈的今天，原料和勞動力價格利潤空間日益狹小，勞動生產率的潛力空間也有限，加工製造領域的利潤趨薄，靠降低原料消耗、勞動力成本或大力提高製造環節的勞動生產率來獲取更大的利潤已較為困難。因而，商品生產和流通中的物流環節成為繼勞動力、自然資源之後的「第三利潤泉源」，而保證這一利潤泉源實現的關鍵是降低物流成本。

成本耗在運輸根據物流管理的基本功能活動來分類，美國將物流成本分為庫存費用、運輸成本和物流管理費用。其中，庫存費用是指花費在保存貨物上的費用，除包括倉儲、殘損、人力費用及保險和稅收外，還包括庫存占壓資金的利息。把庫存占壓資金的利息加入物流成本，這是現代物流與傳統物流費用計算的最大區別，它把降低物流成本與加速資金周轉統一起來；運輸成本包括公路運輸、其他運輸費用和貨主費用。公路運輸包括城市內運輸與區域間卡車運輸，其他運輸方式包括鐵路運輸、國際國內運輸、油氣管道運輸等，貨主費用包括運輸部門運作及裝卸費用；而另外一部分物流管理費用在美國是按照歷史情況由專家確定一個固定比例，乘以庫存費用和運輸費用的總和得出來的。

物流成本的計算還是比較複雜的，具有一定的隱含性。在傳統上，物流成本的計算總是被分解得支離破碎、難辨虛實。由於物流成本沒有被列入企業的財務會計制度，製造企業習慣將物流費用計入產品成本；流通企業則將物流費用包括在商品流通費用中。因此，無論是製造企業還是流通企業，不僅難以按照物流成本的內涵完整地計算出物流成本，而且連已經被生產領域或流通領域分割開來的物流成本，也不能單獨真實地計算並反映出來。任何人都無法看到物流成本真實的全貌，瞭解其可觀的支出。但是，物流的成本在運輸環節上的耗散還是相對集中的（大約占到了物流總成本的42%），而一些現代的管理方法和先進科學技術的應用，也為運輸環節的成本降低提供了可能性。

運輸還需運籌無論是生產企業、商業企業還是物流企業，一個共同的特點就是車輛空駛率非常高，資料研究表明，57.9%的生產企業以及51.7%的物流企業車輛空駛率在30%至50%之間。

Fastener demands are subject to the boom-bust cycle of global economic climate. Generally speaking, more industrialized, more fasteners needed. The demands will rise with increases in construction activity and manufacturing output, particularly in production of motor vehicles, aircrafts, electrical /electronics, appliances, furniture/office equipments and other equipment in which fasteners are essential components. Industrial fasteners are generally classified as standards, specials, or proprietary designs, in members fundamentally of bolts, screws, socket screws, cap screws, studs, nuts, washers, blind rivets, pins, inserts, tapping screws, machine screws, set screws, SEMS, and rivets and special industrial fasteners. Non-threaded standard fasteners continue to outsell other types in fastener family spurred by growth in global construction expenditures and backed by stepped-up spending for aircraft and military equipment in many areas. Nevertheless, the sales of application-specific fasteners soar at a faster pace than the standardized products and more OEMs replace non-specialized items with application-specific designs.

Recent innovations and improvement on fastener design spotlight on new generations of self-locking and self-sealing fasteners. The newest generation of self-locking fasteners threaded highlights a promising future for manufacturers seeking for the fasteners with greater strength and reliability, achieved by reduced product weight, heightened joint strength, better resistance to vibration, temperature extremes, axial-torsion loading and less material fatigue. Lately, there is a new look in fastener family called flexible fastener. It looks like a normal bolts or screw, except the shank is composed of a flexible material such as nylon or steel cable, which allows the bolt to bend or flex laterally, yet not stretch axially. The fastener can be used to secure surfaces various types of surfaces either non-parallel or non-aligned where compliance is needed, owing to production or construction errors.

Fastener are big business. World fastener market scale is predicted to reach US$46 billion in 2006, up 4.8 % than the previous year, and to hit US$55 billion by 2010, boosted by forthcoming economic expansion within the developing nations of Asia Pacific Rim, Mideast, Latin American and Eastern European regions. Robust growth will also be seen in India, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Turkey and Russia. The growths in the above-mentioned areas tend to outpace those in the US, Western Europe and Japan. The price war of fasteners continued for several years, which made many industrial players struggle to live out. Recently, the price competition is somewhat eased, not as fierce as in the previous years.

U.S. Fastener industry operates nearly 350 manufacturing facilities with 40,000 employees. Every year, there are over 200 billion fasteners consumed mainly by the miscellaneous industries of automobile, aircraft, appliances, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the construction of commercial buildings and infrastructure. Among them, 26 billion pieces are used solely by the auto industry. In recent years, growth in fastener demand slow down as manufacturing output and construction spending moderate. However, U.S. is still the biggest buyer of fastener products. The country imports more than US$3 billions worth of fasteners from China, Taiwan and Japan annually.

China consumes 9% of world demands and surpasses Japan as the second largest fastener market in the world behind the US. At present, there are nearly 8,000 fastener enterprises in China. In the first half of 2006, the export value of China fasteners totaled 1.229 billion US dollars, or 40% of the national fastener output. Invariably, price maintains a crucial factor in decision-making. Buyers from the EU, the US and Australia prefer to buy more affordable fasteners made in China. Local enterprises are working on transfer the low-end bolts and nuts under the property class of 8.8 to the higher-ends of property class from 6.8 to 10.9. Since fastener technology has been relatively mature in China, the significance of differentiation has been constantly discussed. Recently, China government promotes local enterprises with "Made by China" program, namely by resorting to brand strategy, international standards such as GB, DIN, JIS and IFI, etc. and well-known certifications to overall upgrade the industry from labor-intensive low-ends to tech-based, value-added high-ends. ISO 9001 or ISO/TS 16949 is essential certification required to improve the quality, service and logistics.

Security sector has been boomed for years, dancing with increasing public concern on security issue. Industrial players are brainstorming to develop brand-new and more innovative security systems for buildings. Popular is integrated concept, namely the hybrid of mechanical Security technology, electronic access control, video monitoring, fire alarms and intruder detector systems.

However, the mechanical locksets, safes and vaults are still widely used in new buildings or for remolding purpose. In PRACTICAL WORLD Cologne, we were convinced that electronic security systems function more as a complement than a replacement for mechanics. New mechanical locking technology aims at improved burglary prevention. For instance, the solution comes in innovative reversible key systems with security features, compliant with the rule of "one key for all doors" and keys that provide enhanced protection against moisture and temperature fluctuations, making them suitable for use in cold-storage facilities or dockyards. Lock cylinders are made more resistant by building appropriate locking tools into the cylinders. With regard to safeguarding escape routes, self-locking locks with built-in panic function are one of major focal points. The safes of user-friendly interfaces become mingled with interior designs, which are setting a trend away from mechanics towards mechatronics or electronics.

The biometric identification technology, basically fingerprint identification and facial and iris recognition emerges to be used on security systems, highly promising and potential in near future. Non-contact electronic control systems in use of transponder technology ensure the optimized comfort and humanist way of recognition. Biometric components now comprise only 1% of all components used in admission control systems, however, it is expected to increase to as much as 10% in a few years. The biometric-based Security system will be spurred by the rising identification demands in banks, large IT companies, where high security is required and international airports against ubiquitous terrorist activities.

The designs of mechanical security systems focus not only on the pure functional aspect, but also on aesthetic properties. Although brass is still a significant material for locks, used to beautify the appearance of overall systems, stainless steel grows more popular to render a sense of clean-look and contemporary. Special surface treatments grant diversified attractive variants. There is a comeback of classic designs, especially on bronze locks. Exquisite designs can be frequently seen on door handles and furniture fittings.

INDUSTRIAL FASTNERS are generally classified as standards, specials, or proprietary designs, in members fundamentally of metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, formed and threaded wire goods and special industrial fasteners. Standard fasteners are mass-produced, and typically cold-headed threaded parts.

China is the fastest-growing supplying nation in this field thanks to the advantages of cheaper labors and raw materials, along with land acquisition. Special fasteners are usually based on standard designs, yet sometimes incorporate non-standard tolerances, pitch and diameter combinations, drives, lengths, etc. or made in assigned requirements on alloys or separate secondary operations including drilling and punching.

Taiwan has shifted from mass production mode to customized special fastener supplier. Proprietary design fasteners are made to the patented designs, licensed to several manufacturers, for threads, drive types, head types, locking devices, points and more.

fasteners are big business. For instance, every year, U.S., the biggest buyer, consumes over 200 billion fasteners. And automobile industry alone uses 26 billion pieces in 2005. The booms of fasteners industry in the Asian Pacific Rim, mainly Taiwan, Japan and China enable these countries to expand exporting territories to U.S., Mexico, Canada, Europe, and South America. In 2004, the consumption of fasteners in U.S. reached $9,878 billion. Total imported value of $3,065 billion worth of fasteners was primarily from Taiwan (US$1,715 billion), Japan (US$501 billion), and from China (US$421 billion). Oncoming global consolidation and acquisitions make large companies even bigger. This enables them to devote to the development of highly engineered, technologically advanced fasteners and offering value-added customer services such as “just in time” (JIT) delivery and customer-designed or specialized design/engineering services.

BEARINGS are basically used to ease friction between moving parts or to carry load in certain industries such as those that handle materials. They can be broadly categorized into two segments, bimetals and anti-friction bearings. There are four main types of bearings, including ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, taper roller bearings and needle roller bearings.

陣陣涼風，落葉紛飛，四季的輪替，秋，登場！

秋意漸濃，大地萬物悄悄換上秋裝。這充滿秋天氣息的味道也吹入家家戶戶的餐桌上，桌上的餐具，揮別沁染炎熱的夏天，迎來涼爽的秋天。

秋天的餐具有什麼樣的變化？藝林國際企業有限公司表示，前幾年，市場上大多以商品衝量為主軸，僅考量漂亮的成交價，卻忘了瓷器本身創作與品質，所以今秋杯盤 瓷器組會以高質感的商品為走向，而瓷器又因材質的不同分成許多等級，也以外觀的色澤、瓷器的觸感讓消費者驚豔，倍受市場矚目。藝林國際企業有限公司又指出，品質佳的瓷器搭配上兼有藝術創作的造型或圖案就能展現出陶瓷的特色，秋季的瓷器花樣設計常以高貴的真金色為主色，搭配不同的色釉，玩出個性化商品。消費大眾對生活美感的提升，都希望擁有藝術性與獨特性高的商品，也提高對產品品質的要求，因此，陶瓷在業界裡獨領風範。

盛宴開始前的序曲，舉杯歡慶，無論是喝茶、喝酒……杯子都是當中主角，各式各樣杯組永遠缺一不可。消費者不會因為擁有一個杯子而滿足，希望泡茶時能有濾網的三件式蓋杯；泡咖啡時有一杯一盤一匙的組合性杯組；泡牛奶時要有一個附蓋牛奶杯等……進而又希望能在杯身印上想表達的圖文，來滿足此時此刻心情，杯子成為了既實用又可代表消費大眾的貼心物。

在市場上，杯子依然是瓷器商品中的熱賣品，就以藝林國際企業有限公司的磁炭陶坊杯壺具為例，黑色的神秘感與沉穩挾帶著金竹的雅調，再融入中國文化的圖騰，引爆黑炫金秋華麗饗宴！而外觀規矩的四方器型擁有著新世代必備的養身理念「磁炭」，磁炭陶坊系列瓷器的遠紅外線放射率高達90％以上，隔離電磁波，除去水中雜味與雜質並釋出良好的礦物質，即在最短的時間將水活化、優化飲品、改善水質。餐桌上的一壺一杯，準備好溫暖整個秋波。